<?php
/**
 * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
 * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 *
 * Licensed under The MIT License
 * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
 * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
 *
 * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
 * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
 * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
 */

App::uses('BasicAuthenticate', 'Controller/Component/Auth');

/**
 * Digest Authentication adapter for AuthComponent.
 *
 * Provides Digest HTTP authentication support for AuthComponent. Unlike most AuthComponent adapters,
 * DigestAuthenticate requires a special password hash that conforms to RFC2617. You can create this
 * password using `DigestAuthenticate::password()`. If you wish to use digest authentication alongside other
 * authentication methods, its recommended that you store the digest authentication separately.
 *
 * Clients using Digest Authentication must support cookies. Since AuthComponent identifies users based
 * on Session contents, clients without support for cookies will not function properly.
 *
 * ### Using Digest auth
 *
 * In your controller's components array, add auth + the required settings.
 * {{{
 *	public $components = array(
 *		'Auth' => array(
 *			'authenticate' => array('Digest')
 *		)
 *	);
 * }}}
 *
 * In your login function just call `$this->Auth->login()` without any checks for POST data. This
 * will send the authentication headers, and trigger the login dialog in the browser/client.
 *
 * ### Generating passwords compatible with Digest authentication.
 *
 * Due to the Digest authentication specification, digest auth requires a special password value. You
 * can generate this password using `DigestAuthenticate::password()`
 *
 * `$digestPass = DigestAuthenticate::password($username, env('SERVER_NAME'), $password);`
 *
 * Its recommended that you store this digest auth only password separate from password hashes used for other
 * login methods. For example `User.digest_pass` could be used for a digest password, while `User.password` would
 * store the password hash for use with other methods like Basic or Form.
 *
 * @package       Cake.Controller.Component.Auth
 * @since 2.0
*/
class DigestAuthenticate extends BasicAuthenticate {

	/**
	 * Settings for this object.
	 *
	 * - `fields` The fields to use to identify a user by.
	 * - `userModel` The model name of the User, defaults to User.
	 * - `scope` Additional conditions to use when looking up and authenticating users,
	 *    i.e. `array('User.is_active' => 1).`
	 * - `recursive` The value of the recursive key passed to find(). Defaults to 0.
	 * - `contain` Extra models to contain and store in session.
	 * - `realm` The realm authentication is for, Defaults to the servername.
	 * - `nonce` A nonce used for authentication. Defaults to `uniqid()`.
	 * - `qop` Defaults to auth, no other values are supported at this time.
	 * - `opaque` A string that must be returned unchanged by clients.
	 *    Defaults to `md5($settings['realm'])`
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $settings = array(
			'fields' => array(
					'username' => 'username',
					'password' => 'password'
			),
			'userModel' => 'User',
			'scope' => array(),
			'recursive' => 0,
			'contain' => null,
			'realm' => '',
			'qop' => 'auth',
			'nonce' => '',
			'opaque' => '',
			'passwordHasher' => 'Simple',
	);

	/**
	 * Constructor, completes configuration for digest authentication.
	 *
	 * @param ComponentCollection $collection The Component collection used on this request.
	 * @param array $settings An array of settings.
	*/
	public function __construct(ComponentCollection $collection, $settings) {
		parent::__construct($collection, $settings);
		if (empty($this->settings['nonce'])) {
			$this->settings['nonce'] = uniqid('');
		}
		if (empty($this->settings['opaque'])) {
			$this->settings['opaque'] = md5($this->settings['realm']);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get a user based on information in the request. Used by cookie-less auth for stateless clients.
	 *
	 * @param CakeRequest $request Request object.
	 * @return mixed Either false or an array of user information
	 */
	public function getUser(CakeRequest $request) {
		$digest = $this->_getDigest();
		if (empty($digest)) {
			return false;
		}

		list(, $model) = pluginSplit($this->settings['userModel']);
		$user = $this->_findUser(array(
				$model . '.' . $this->settings['fields']['username'] => $digest['username']
		));
		if (empty($user)) {
			return false;
		}
		$password = $user[$this->settings['fields']['password']];
		unset($user[$this->settings['fields']['password']]);
		if ($digest['response'] === $this->generateResponseHash($digest, $password)) {
			return $user;
		}
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the digest headers from the request/environment.
	 *
	 * @return array Array of digest information.
	 */
	protected function _getDigest() {
		$digest = env('PHP_AUTH_DIGEST');
		if (empty($digest) && function_exists('apache_request_headers')) {
			$headers = apache_request_headers();
			if (!empty($headers['Authorization']) && substr($headers['Authorization'], 0, 7) === 'Digest ') {
				$digest = substr($headers['Authorization'], 7);
			}
		}
		if (empty($digest)) {
			return false;
		}
		return $this->parseAuthData($digest);
	}

	/**
	 * Parse the digest authentication headers and split them up.
	 *
	 * @param string $digest The raw digest authentication headers.
	 * @return array An array of digest authentication headers
	 */
	public function parseAuthData($digest) {
		if (substr($digest, 0, 7) === 'Digest ') {
			$digest = substr($digest, 7);
		}
		$keys = $match = array();
		$req = array('nonce' => 1, 'nc' => 1, 'cnonce' => 1, 'qop' => 1, 'username' => 1, 'uri' => 1, 'response' => 1);
		preg_match_all('/(\w+)=([\'"]?)([a-zA-Z0-9\:\#\%@=.\/_-]+)\2/', $digest, $match, PREG_SET_ORDER);

		foreach ($match as $i) {
			$keys[$i[1]] = $i[3];
			unset($req[$i[1]]);
		}

		if (empty($req)) {
			return $keys;
		}
		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the response hash for a given digest array.
	 *
	 * @param array $digest Digest information containing data from DigestAuthenticate::parseAuthData().
	 * @param string $password The digest hash password generated with DigestAuthenticate::password()
	 * @return string Response hash
	 */
	public function generateResponseHash($digest, $password) {
		return md5(
				$password .
				':' . $digest['nonce'] . ':' . $digest['nc'] . ':' . $digest['cnonce'] . ':' . $digest['qop'] . ':' .
				md5(env('REQUEST_METHOD') . ':' . $digest['uri'])
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates an auth digest password hash to store
	 *
	 * @param string $username The username to use in the digest hash.
	 * @param string $password The unhashed password to make a digest hash for.
	 * @param string $realm The realm the password is for.
	 * @return string the hashed password that can later be used with Digest authentication.
	 */
	public static function password($username, $password, $realm) {
		return md5($username . ':' . $realm . ':' . $password);
	}

	/**
	 * Generate the login headers
	 *
	 * @return string Headers for logging in.
	 */
	public function loginHeaders() {
		$options = array(
				'realm' => $this->settings['realm'],
				'qop' => $this->settings['qop'],
				'nonce' => $this->settings['nonce'],
				'opaque' => $this->settings['opaque']
		);
		$opts = array();
		foreach ($options as $k => $v) {
			$opts[] = sprintf('%s="%s"', $k, $v);
		}
		return 'WWW-Authenticate: Digest ' . implode(',', $opts);
	}

}
